Tag archieven: Hundred Years War

maart 29, 2015 · 10:07 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

DUKE RICHARD OF YORK (1), THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

On the 10^th of October 1460, Richard Plantagenet 3^rd duke of York walked into Westminster Hall wearing the full arms of England undifferenced. After a moment, he put his hand on the empty throne. When asked if he wished to see the king, he replied “I know of no one in the realm who would not more fitly come to me than I to him”. With those words, he declared to all those present that duke Richard had finally renounced his allegiance to king Henry VI and claimed the English crown by right of strict inheritance. York’s motive has puzzled historians ever since. Was it really his ‘natural disposition’ to champion the public interest, or was it the notion that he was the rightful king all along that stirred his ambition? This is the first of three essays in which I hope to explore that question from a personal perspective. I should add for the avoidance of doubt, that I have no intention of considering the validity duke Richard’s title: that is for another time. Neither is this a potted biography; I have included a few details of what I believe are some relevant friction points in his life for purely contextual reasons.

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward II, Edward III, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 28, 2015 · 4:17 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

PROPAGANDA IN THE PREPARED PARLIAMENTARY SPEECHES

OF 1455-1461

RUSELL BUTCHER

Propaganda, perceived by many as a twentieth-century phenomenon, has permeated recorded history. The mass propaganda of the world wars and cold war linger most in present memory, due not only to its chronological proximity, but also its potency. Earlier uses of propaganda can easily be overshadowed, in many cases considered mere bias. Yet it has always existed, and in England developed particularly in the years from 1455 to 1485, which saw a growth in the awareness for the need of propaganda to stabilise or undermine the regime in power. Many historians have made reference to propaganda in the prepared speeches in the parliamentary records for 1455-61, but few have scrutinised them as a whole as I intend to do here.

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Act of Accord, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of Lanley 1, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richard of Conisburgh, Richard of Conisburgh 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, Southampton Plot, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 13, 2015 · 5:35 am

The Wars of the Roses/The House of York/Reaction on Encyclopaedia Britannica’s changes in their article after my comments

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_(film)

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England

KING RICHARD II, [SON OF THE BLACK PRINCE, THE FIRST

SON OF KING EDWARD III AND THEREFORE SUCCESSOR

OF KING EDWARD III], WHO DECLARED ROGER MORTIMER

HIS HEIR PRESUMPTIVE.

ROGER MORTIMER WAS THE SON OF RICHARD II’S FIRST

COUSIN PHILIPPA,

THE DAUGHTER OF THE SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III,

LIONEL OF ANTWERP

AND THEREFORE NEXT IN LINE TO THE SUCCESSION TO

THE THRONE, AS LONG AS RICHARD II WAS CHILDLESS.

ROGER MORTIMER HAD TWO CHILDREN, EDMUND, 4TH EARL OF

MARCH AND ANNE MORTIMER, WHO MARRIED RICHARD CONISBURGH,

SON OF EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF YORK [FOURTH SON

OF EDWARD III]

AFTER HIS DEATH, ROGER MORTIMER PASSED HIS HEIR

PRESUMPTIVE RIGHT TO HIS SON EDMUND, 5TH EARL

OF MARCH, WHO PASSED THIS RIGHT TO HIS NEPHEW

RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK, SON OF HIS SISTER

ANNE MORTIMER.

WHEN RICHARD II WAS USURPED BY HIS COUSIN

HENRY BOLINGBROKE [LATER KING HENRY IV, SON OF JOHN

OF GAUNT, THE THIRD SON OF KING EDWARD III AND

THEREFORE WITH A LESSER RIGHT TO THE THRONE

THAN EDMUND MORTIMER],

EDMUND, THE SON OF THE LATE ROGER MORTIMER,

BEING THE RIGHTFUL SUCCESSOR, WAS OVERLOOKED.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_4th_Earl_of_March

ROGER MORTIMER’S SON AND DAUGHTER, EDMUND AND

ANNE MORTIMER

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Mortimer,_5th_Earl_of_March

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_de_Mortimer

ANNE MORTIMER’S SON, RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK,

GRANDSON [FROM HIS MOTHER’S SIDE]

OF ROGER MORTIMER

HIS CLAIM TO THE THRONE WAS BASED ON HIS

MATERNAL SIDE AND SUPERIOR TO THE LANCASTERS,

WHO DESCENDED FROM THE THIRD SON OF EDWARD III,

WHILE RICHARD DESCENDED FROM THE SECOND SON

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

KING HENRY IV, WHO USURPED THE THRONE OF RICHARD II AS

HENRY BOLINGBROKE, HIS COUSIN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,

BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

KING HENRY V, SON OF KING HENRY IV

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND, SON OF KING HENRY V

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

[FICTION]

KING RICHARD III, SON OF RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England

KING HENRY VII, THE FIRST TUDOR KING

AND FOUNDER OF THE TUDOR DYNASTY

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/THE HOUSE OF YORK/REACTION

ON ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA’S CHANGES IN THEIR

ARTICLE AFTER MY COMMENTS

Dear Readers,

Recently I wrote to Encyclopaedia Britannica about their

article ”The House of York”, adding some critical remarks.

Reasons?

Two.

FIRST:

Encyclopaedia Britannica called the overthrow of King Henry VI

by the son of Richard, Duke of York, the later King Edward IV,

after his victory in the Battle of Towton, an ”usurpation”.

In my letter to Encyclopaedia Britannica, I pointed out,

that although it was a deposing of King Henry VI, it was no

”usurpation”, because of the York superior claim to

the throne, by descending from maternal side from

King Edward III’s second son, Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of

Clarence, while the Lancasters descended from the third

son of King Edward III, John of Gaunt.

King Richard II appointed the grandson of Lionel

of Antwerp, Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March,

[the son of Lionel’s daughter Philippa Plantagenet,

who married Edmund Mortimer, 3th Earl of March,

as his heir presumptive

to the throne, a right which passed through his son, Edmund

Mortimer, 5th Earl of March.

Were Richard II not usurped by his cousin, Henrt Bolingbroke

[the later King Henry IV, and Richard II died childless, Edmund

Mortimer should be King of England.

And Edmund Mortimer was the maternal uncle

of Richard, Duke of York, who was the son of Edmund Mortimer’s

sister, Anne Mortimer.

Since Edmund Mortimer died childless, Richard of York inherited

his vast estates and the title of Earl of March [he became the

6th Earl of March], which he passed

to his son, the later Edward IV.

So when Edward IV overthrew Henry VI, it was a deposal, not

usurpation.

SECOND

When mentioning the Act of Accord of 1460, by which

Richard of York and Parliament agreed, that Richard of York

would succeed Henry VI after his death [and thus disinheriting

Edward of Westminster, the son of Henry VI, which infuriated

of course his mother, Margaret of Anjou], which was confirmed

by Richard’s superior claim to the throne,

Encyclopaedia Britannica made a remark about the

”weakness” in this claim by deriving from females.

I challenged that by pointing out, that four English Kings

either inherited the throne from the female line, or

claimed the crown from the female line.

REACTION OF ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA

I received an interesting and partly satisfying reaction

from Encyclopaedia Britannica with some changes

in the article

This was their reaction:

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/The House of York/Reaction on Encyclopaedia Britannica’s changes in their article after my comments

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Mortimer 3th Earl of March, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of Langsley, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Philippa Plantagenet, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard of Conisburgh, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The House of Lancaster, The House of York, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

maart 9, 2015 · 4:47 am

Medieval English History [On Madame Guillotine’s Blog]/Susan Higginbotham/The Duchess´ Downfall/Eleanor Cobham

THE DUCHESS’ DOWNFALL: ELEANOR COBHAM

This entry was posted in Eleanor Cobham guest blog on September 3, 2012 by Madame Guillotine

The Crystal Ball, John William Waterhouse, 1902, Private Collection.

I’ve been fascinated by Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of Gloucester for ages now and have been longing to post about her, however as I don’t feel massively confident about her period, I asked the author Susan Higginbotham to write a piece about the so called ‘witch duchess’…

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor Cobham.

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor Medieval English History [On Madame Guillotine’s Blog]/Susan Higginbotham/The Duchess´ Downfall/Eleanor Cobham

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Battle of Agincourt, Charles Duke of Orleans, Eleanor Cobham, English history, Henry V, Henry VI, history, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, Jacoba van Beieren, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Jacquetta of Luxemburg, Jaqueline Countess of Hainault, John Duke of Bedford, John of Gaunt, Margaret of Anjou, Medieval History, Middle Ages

maart 3, 2015 · 5:48 am

The Wars of the Roses/Letter from Richard, Duke of York to Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter/Some comments on A Nevill Feast, referring to the marriage of the Duke of Exeter with Anne of York, daughter of Richard, Duke of York

RICHARD PLANTAGENET, DUKE OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE,

FATHER OF ANNE , DUCHESS OF EXETER AND

EDWARD , LATER KING EDWARD IV

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

CECILY OF YORK, WIFE OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK, MOTHER OF ANNE OF YORK, DUCHESS OF

EXETER AND EDWARD OF YORK, LATER KING

EDWARD IV

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecily_Neville,_Duchess_of_York

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/01/03/the-loyal-wife-of-a-warrior-court-of-war-of-roses/

EDWARD PLANTAGENET [EDWARD OF YORK],LATER

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK AND BROTHER OF ANNE OF YORK,

DUCHESS OF EXETER

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

HISTORICAL [FICTION]

ANNE PLANTAGENET [ANNE OF YORK], DUCHESS OF EXETER [MARRIED TO HENRY HOLLAND,

3TH DUKE OF EXETER], DAUGHTER OF THE DUKE OF YORK

[HISTORICAL FICTION]

[PLANTAGENET IS THE NAME OF THE ROYAL HOUSE FROM

1154 TILL 1485. SINCE THE DUKE OF YORK WAS A DIRECT MALE

DESCENDANT OF EDMUND OF LANGLEY, FOURTH SON OF EDWARD III,

HIS FAMILY NAME WAS PLANTAGENET, HIS DAUGHTER’S

FAMILY NAME WAS ALSO PLANTAGENET]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet

HENRY HOLLAND, THIRD DUKE OF EXETER, SON

IN LAW OF THE DUKE OF YORK

[HISTORICAL FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Holland,_3rd_Duke_of_Exeter

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/LETTER FROM RICHARD, DUKE

OF YORK TO HENRY HOLLAND, DUKE OF EXETER/SOME

COMMENTS ON A NEVILL FEAST, REFERRING TO THE MARRIAGE

OF THE DUKE OF EXETER WITH ANNE OF YORK, DAUGHTER

OF RICHARD OF YORK

A NEVILL FAST/COMMENTS ON

LETTER FROM RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

TO HENRY HOLLAND, DUKE OF EXETER

MY COMMENTS

[See below the text of the letter from Richard of York to

the Duke of Exeter]

ANNE OF YORK, DUCHESS OF EXETER AND HER MARRIAGE

TO HENRY HOLLAND, THE 3TH DUKE OF EXETER

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/Letter from Richard, Duke of York to Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter/Some comments on A Nevill Feast, referring to the marriage of the Duke of Exeter with Anne of York, daughter of Richard, Duke of York

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Anne of York Duchess of Exeter, Cecily Neville Duchess of York, Duke of Exeter, Duke of York, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley, Edmund of York Earl of Rutland, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, Edward V, English history, Henry Holland 3th Duke of Exeter, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

februari 15, 2015 · 6:28 am

The Wars of the Roses/[Susan Higginbotham]/Margaret of Anjou

margaret of anjou

MARGARET OF ANJOU

(The following is a slightly revised blog post I did on Margaret of Anjou, the subject of my novel in progress,
The Queen of Last Hopes. For more pieces about her and a picture gallery, see the links at the bottom of the page.)

Margaret of Anjou, queen to the unfortunate Henry VI, has surely been one of the most maligned English queens. She’s regularly portrayed as an adulteress and a vengeful harpy. One historical novel even has her repeatedly trying to murder her daughter-in-law, Anne Neville, though I never quite figured out why. (I’m not sure the author knew either.)

A set piece in many a Wars of the Roses novel, even some recent ones where the authors should have known better, involves cruel Margaret ordering immediately after the Battle of Wakefield that the severed heads of the Duke of York and his teenage son, the Earl of Rutland, be displayed and the Duke’s head be garnished with a
paper crown. In fact, Margaret was not at the Battle of Wakefield; she was in Scotland at the time. There’s even been considerable doubt cast as to the extent of the atrocities supposedly committed by her troops.

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/[Susan Higginbotham]/Margaret of Anjou

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Battle of Wakefield, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edward III, Edward IV, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses, William de la Pole Duke of Suffolk

februari 7, 2015 · 3:37 am

The Wars of the Roses/Margaret of Anjou/She Wolf or not?/Comments on the article of Mr Gareth Rusell about Margaret of Anjou

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

EDWARD PLANTAGENET, FOURTH DUKE OF YORK,

SON OF RICHARD, THIRD DUKE OF

YORK, THE LATER KING EDWARD IV

[FICTION]

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,

BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

WAR OF THE ROSES

SCENE AT THE TEMPLE GARDEN

RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK, WEARING A

WHITE ROSE, TO CONFRONT

HIS POLITICAL RIVAL AND ENEMY,

EDMUND, BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF

SOMERSET, FORCING HIM TO

CHOOSE A RED ROSE

THE NOBLE LORDS TAKING SIDES

THIS IS A SHAKESPEARE SCENE [HENRY VI]

AND NOT BASED ON ANY HISTORICAL

EVIDENCE

http://shakespeare.mit.edu/1henryvi/1henryvi.2.4.html

The White Rose of theHouse of York

The Red Rose of theHouse of Lancaster

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, FAVOURITE

OF MARGARET OF ANJOU AND BITTER ENEMY OF RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/MARGARET OF ANJOU/SHE WOLF

OR NOT?/COMMENTS ON

THE ARTICLE OF MR GARETH RUSSELL ABOUT MARGARET

OF ANJOU

Dear Readers,

Recently I read a very interesting article of Mr Gareth Russell

on his Blog ”Confessions of a Ci-Devant”

The article is titled:

23th MARCH, 1430, THE BIRTH OF MARGUERITE OF

ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND”

http://garethrussellcidevant.blogspot.nl/2011/03/march-23rd-1430-birth-of-marguerite-of.html

See for complete text of the Blog article below

Russel gives an interesting comment on Margaret of Anjou’s

historical and political role, challenging the villifying of

Margaret of Anjou.

I greatly agree with his view about Margaret of Anjou

, though he doesn’t emphasize

clearly, that the Wars of the Roses was no struggle between

”ambitious claimants and magnates’ only, but had a legitimation

in it, since Richard, Duke of York, had a better claim than the

Lancasters, as King Henry VI himself.

Understandable he wanted to fight for it, as understandable, that

Margaret of Anjou wanted to defend her son’s rights.

But fact stays, that York had more right to the throne.

Also it’s a pity that Russell doesn’t explain clearly

,in which way Margaret

of Anjou was villified and why it was villification at all.

In this comment I tell more over this villification and

give also my opinion on the question

Who was Margaret of Anjou

A She Wolf, A Saint or just a Brave Woman.

TRAVEL WITH ME TO THE PAST AGAIN

ENTER THE WORLD

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/Margaret of Anjou/She Wolf or not?/Comments on the article of Mr Gareth Rusell about Margaret of Anjou

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Duke of Somerset, Edmund of Langley, Edward III, Edward IV, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

februari 3, 2015 · 1:35 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Causes of the Wars of the Roses/A travel to the past

RICHARD PLANTAGENET, 3RD DUKE OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,

BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

EDWARD PLANTAGENET, FOURTH DUKE OF YORK,

SON OF RICHARD, THIRD DUKE OF

YORK, THE LATER KING EDWARD IV

[FICTION]

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

ANNE PLANTAGENET, DUCHESS OF EXETER [MARRIED TO HENRY HOLLAND,

3TH DUKE OF EXETER], DAUGHTER OF THE DUKE OF YORK

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

ANNE OF YORK’S HUSBAND, HENRY HOLLAND, THIRD DUKE OF EXETER, SON

IN LAW OF THE DUKE OF YORK, WHO BECAME A SOLID

LANCASTRIAN, PROBABLY ONE OF THE CAUSES OF

THE DIVORCE OF THE COUPLE

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

WAR OF THE ROSES

SCENE AT THE TEMPLE GARDEN

RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK, WEARING A

WHITE ROSE, TO CONFRONT

HIS POLITICAL RIVAL AND ENEMY,

EDMUND, BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF

SOMERSET, FORCING HIM TO

CHOOSE A RED ROSE

THE NOBLE LORDS TAKING SIDES

THIS IS A SHAKESPEARE SCENE [HENRY VI]

AND NOT BASED ON ANY HISTORICAL

EVIDENCE

http://shakespeare.mit.edu/1henryvi/1henryvi.2.4.html

The White Rose of theHouse of York

The Red Rose of theHouse of Lancaster

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, FAVOURITE

OF MARGARET OF ANJOU AND BITTER ENEMY OF RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

WILLIAM DE LA POLE, IST DUKE OF SUFFOLK, IN FAVOUR

BY BOTH QUEEN MARGARET AND KING HENRY VI

COUNCILLOR OF KING HENRY VI

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_la_Pole,_1st_Duke_of_Suffolk

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/CAUSES OF THE WARS OF THE ROSES/A TRAVEL TO THE PAST

Dear Readers,

Much has been said about the Wars of the Roses, the English

civil war between 1455 till 1485 (although some let it end in 1471,

with the battle of Tewkesbury), when the main royal line

of the royal Lancaster House was finished by the death of

Edward of Westminster, son to King Henry VI], which nearly

exterminated the old English nobility.

Many colourful characters passed the bloody theatre, like the determined and hard

Queen Margaret of Anjou [although not harder than the men

involved], her great adversary Richard, Duke of York, her favourites

Edmund Beaufort, the Duke of Somerset and William de la

Pole, the Duke of Suffolk.

And not to forget ”the golden boy” ‘Edward, the fourth Duke of York ,

Richard, Duke of York’s son, who later became King Edward IV, as his

cousin and ally, Richard Neville, the 16th Earl of Warwick, the

”Kingmaker”, who would ultimately

became Edward’s adversary and end so tragically in the battle of Barnet.

I myself hold the opinion, that when King Edward would have concentrated

on the military (he was an extremely capable military commander)

and the Earl of Warwick on

ruling and diplomacy, they whould have been made a deadly double and perhaps

ruled England happily together, if at least Edward had not fallen ill and died

so untimely.

And last but not least, the pious and tragic King Henry VI, who,

alas, had a mental illness his tendency to forgiveness and

aversion of war and bloodshed, characteristics, which were admired

in Medieval women, but not in men, especiallynot Kings and

noblemen, had to be brave warriors, as Henry VI’s father,

King Henry V.

Although I wrote about the Wars of Roses earlier, now

I want to focus in particular on the causes and events, that led to such a

disastrous period in English history and the end of the

impressive Plantagenet dynasty [in fact also the end of Medieval England]

and the beginning of the also interesting Tudor dynasty.

ENTER THE WORLD

WHAT WERE THE WARS OF THE ROSES

Most people know, that the Wars of the Roses was a civil war in

England between the nobles of the two rival branches of the royal family,

the House of Lancaster [descended from John of Gaunt, third

son of King Edward III , the family line of King

Henry VI, and the House of York [with the Duke of York, descendant

of both Lionel of Antwerp , second son of King Edward III and

Edmund of Langley, fourth son of King Edward III.

IMPORTANT TO KNOW

The House of Lancaster and the House of York were

bothbranches of the House of Plantagenet.

The Lancaster branch consisted of King Henry VI, descendant of John

of Gaunt [from his marriage with Blanche of Lancaster,

as the Beauforts [descendants of John of Gaunt

and his mistress, Katharine Swynford , whom he later married]

A very important member of the Beaufort family was Edmund Beaufort,

Duke of Somerset, later the bitter enemy of the Duke of York.

The price of the fighting?

The throne of England, of course, which both the Beauforts as

Richard, Duke of York claimed, especially after the insanity of Henry VI showed

itself, although then they were involved in a bitter fight already.

Through his mother, the Duke of York

had a superior claim to the throne, even above Henry VI, who

was descending of Henry IV, the usurper King , which I

will explain below.

But however dynastic rivalry played a role, is too simplistic

to point it out as a major cause of the War of Roses.

The major causes are more complicated

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/Causes of the Wars of the Roses/A travel to the past

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Anne Duchess of Exeter, Anne Mortimer, Anne of York, Anne of York Duchess of Exeter, Duke of Somerset, Duke of Suffolk, Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Edmund of Langley, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, Henry Holland third Duke of Exeter, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

januari 28, 2015 · 1:02 am

The Wars of the Roses/Richard of York’s claim to the throne/Letter to MichaelHistoryBlog about the article ”The Duke of York vs the Duke of Somerset: the initial cause of the War of the Roses”

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF THE ROSES

TO BEGIN WITH:

ARMS OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET

DESCENDANTS OF THE PLANTAGENETS, AS

THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK, AND OF COURSE

THE PLANTAGENET KINGS, WEAR THOSE ARMS.

FROM THE REIGN OF KING EDWARD III, FRENCH LILIES

[BLUE BLACKGROUND] WERE ADDED TO THE ARMS, SINCE EDWARD III

CLAIMED THE FRENCH CROWN [BEING THE MATERNAL GRANDSON

OF THE DECEASED FRENCH KING PHILIP IV], WHICH WAS THE BEGINNING

OF THE HUNDRED YEAR’S WAR WITH FRANCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet

ARMS OF EDWARD III, THE FIRST

PLANTAGENET KING TO ADD THE FRENCH

LILIES [FLEURS DE LYS] BECAUSE OF

HIS CLAIM TO THE FRENCH THRONE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England

ARMS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

EXPLANATIONS OF THE ARMS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

QUARTERLY 1ST [LEFT ABOVE] OF THE ARMS

OF THE DUKE OF YORK:

ROYAL ARMS OF HIS PATERNAL GRANDFATHER,

EDMUND OF LANGLEY,FIRST DUKE

OF YORK SON OF KING EDWARD III

HERE HE HAD A CLAIM TO THE THRONE, BUT LESS

VALID THAN FROM HIS MOTHER’S SIDE, SINCE LANGLEY

WAS THE FOURTH SON OF KING EDWARD III

[LANGLEY HAD THOSE ROYAL ARMS, BEING THE SON

OF A KING]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York

SECOND QUATERLY [ABOVE RIGHT]

OF THE ARMS

OF THE DUKE OF YORK

THE ARMS OF CASTILE AND LEON.

THOSE WERE THE ARMS OF THE

THE PATERNAL GRANDMOTHER OF

RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK,

ISABELLA OF CASTILE, DUCHESS OF

YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Castile,_Duchess_of_York

3RD QUATERLY [BELOW LEFT]

OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK

THE ARMS OF THE MORTIMERS

HIS MATERNAL GREAT GRANDMOTHER,

PHILIPPA PLANTAGENET, DAUGHTER

OF LIONEL OF ANTWERP [WHO WAS THE SECOND

SON OF KING EDWARD III], MARRIED EDMUND

MORTIMER, 3RD EARL OF MARCH, WHO THUS

WAS THE GREAT GRANDFATHER OF RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Mortimer,_3rd_Earl_of_March

3RD QUATERLY [BELOW LEFT]

OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK

THE ARMS OF THE EARLS OF ULSTER

ELIZABETH DE BURGH, DAUGHTER OF

WILLIAM DON DE BURGH, AND THE 4TH

COUNTESS OF ULSTER, WAS THE MATERNAL

GREAT GREAT GRANDMOTHER OF THE

DUKE OF YORK, BEING MARRIED WITH

HIS ANCESTOR, LIONEL OF ANTWERP

[SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Burgh,_4th_Countess_of_Ulster

4TH QUARTERLY [BELOW RIGHT]

OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK

ROYAL ARMS OF THE MATERNAL GREAT

GREAT GRANDFATHER OF THE DUKE OF YORK,

LIONEL OF ANTWERP, 1ST DUKE OF CLARENCE, AND

SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III.

THIS WAS THE SUPERIOR CLAIM TO THE THRONE,

THE DUKE OF YORK HELD OVER THE LANCASTERS

[ALSO OVER KING HENRY VI, WHO WAS OF

THE LANCASTER HOUSE], SINCE THE LANCASTERS

DESCENDED FROM JOHN OF GAUNT, THE

THIRD SON OF KING EDWARD III.

THE IMAGE IS A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM THE

ABOVE IMAGE OF THE ROYAL ARMS OF THE DUKE

OF YORK, BUT THESE ARE THE ROYAL ARMS,

AS CARRIED BY ALL SONS OF KING EDWARD III,

THOUGH THERE ARE SOME VARIETIES.

SEE BELOW

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence

SEE THE ARMS OF THE OTHER SONS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward,_the_Black_Prince

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Gaunt,_1st_Duke_of_Lancaster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_of_Woodstock,_1st_Duke_of_Gloucester

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/RICHARD OF YORK’S CLAIM TO

THE THRONE/LETTER TO MICHAEL

HISTORY BLOG ABOUT HIS ARTICLE ”THE DUKE OF YORK VS. THE DUKE

OF SOMERSET: THE INITIAL CAUSE OF THE WAR OF THE ROSES”

Dear Readers

Recently I discovered an interesting historical site ”MICHEALSHISTORYBLOG”,

from a history student, Michael Mendez.

And to my pleasant surprise, I read an interesting article ”The Duke

of York vs the Duke of Somerset: The initial cause of the War of the Roses.”

Now it is an oversimplification to state, as is done in the article, that

the War of Roses only was a conflict between two rival branches of

the royal family , as Mark Goacher explains in its excellent

documentary of the causes of the Wars of the Roses.

ENMITY BETWEEN THE DUKE OF YORK AND THE DUKE

OF SOMERSET

ENGLISH LOSSES IN FRANCE

ROYAL FAVOURITISM

WAR AND PEACE PARTY

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/Richard of York’s claim to the throne/Letter to MichaelHistoryBlog about the article ”The Duke of York vs the Duke of Somerset: the initial cause of the War of the Roses”

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Duke of Somerset, Duke of York, Edmund, Edmund Mortimer, Edmund of Langley, Edward III, England, English history, France, Henry V, Henry VI, history, Hundred Years War, In English, In English.The Wars of the Roses, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp, Lord Suffolk, Margaret of Anjou, Richard, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, Richard of Conisburgh, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

januari 11, 2015 · 3:30 pm

English history/The Wars of the Roses/Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York, two major players

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,

BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

WAR OF THE ROSES

SCENE AT THE TEMPLE GARDEN

RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK, WEARING A

WHITE ROSE, TO CONFRONT

HIS POLITICAL RIVAL AND ENEMY,

EDMUND, BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF

SOMERSET, FORCING HIM TO

CHOOSE A RED ROSE

THE NOBLE LORDS TAKING SIDES

THIS IS A SHAKESPEARE SCENE [HENRY VI]

AND NOT BASED ON ANY HISTORICAL

EVIDENCE

http://shakespeare.mit.edu/1henryvi/1henryvi.2.4.html

The White Rose of theHouse of York

The Red Rose of theHouse of Lancaster

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

ENGLISH HISTORY/THE WARS OF THE ROSES/MARGARET OF ANJOU AND THE DUKE

OF YORK, TWO MAJOR PLAYERS

CONCERNING PROPAGANDA IN HISTORICAL WRITING AND

HISTORICAL VIEWS ON THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN POLITICS

Dear Readers

´´Queen of Last Hopes´´, fictional historical novel of writer Susan Higginbotham,

about the life of Margaret of Anjou, wife of the medieval English

King Henry VI, was one of the books, which fascinated me last year

2014.

Red theme in the life of Margaret of Anjou were the Wars of Roses,

the fight to the death for the English throne between the Houses of

Lancaster and York .

It´s such a passionate period of history, that one nearly can´t avoid to

raise sympathy either for the Lancasters or the Yorks.

However, of importance is to take a historically balanced stand,

acknowledging that on both sides there were cruelties and injustice,

and that human beings are mostly a mixture of light and dark sides.

But that aside.

HISTORICAL VIEWS ABOUT WOMEN, INVOLVED

IN POLITICS:

SUSAN HIGGINBOTHAM’S CONTRIBUTION

In her book and articles, Susan Higginbotham struggles against

the villfication of Margaret of Anjou through history and I think that´s

an important contribution,

not only out of

historical accuracy, but because she points out

the medieval ( and also later) demonization of women,

who dared to participate in politics, which was considered

as ”men’s affairs’, especially armed struggle.

Were those women, who participated in politics, saints?

Of course not, they were hard, but not harder than the men

involved.

That’s the point here.

Higginbotham’s contribution is, that she raises this

important point.

HISTORICAL ACCURACY

SUSAN HIGGINBOTHAM

However, of importance is to take a historically balanced stand

and there comes my criticism.

In her book ´´Queen of Last Hopes´´, Higginbotham

Higginbotham accomplishes her

crusade against the exaggerated negative role of Margaret of Anjou by

on the contrary, picturing her great enemy the Duke of York as a cardboard

villain, who was after the throne from the beginning and even

wanted to kill King Henry VI and Queen Margaret for that.

I think, that is not historically right.

That´s why I wrote a letter to Mrs Higginbotham.

See for that letter the following link, scroll to below in the link.

http://www.astridessed.nl/wars-of-the-rosesmargaret-of-anjouletter-to-susan-higginbotham-about-her-book-queen-of-last-hopes/

But to get more information about the causes of the

Wars of Roses and the major players, I take you

to a journey to the past.

I warn you

It is a long piece of reading.

But realize, that it is a journey of 500

years ago and that takes time.

Go with me on the journey.

ENTER THE WORLD

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor English history/The Wars of the Roses/Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York, two major players

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, England, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, History.Hundred Years War, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Jeanne d´Arc, Joan of Arc, Margaret of Anjou, Richard, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, The Wars of the Roses

Tag archieven: Hundred Years War

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

The Wars of the Roses/The House of York/Reaction on Encyclopaedia Britannica’s changes in their article after my comments

Medieval English History [On Madame Guillotine’s Blog]/Susan Higginbotham/The Duchess´ Downfall/Eleanor Cobham

The Wars of the Roses/Letter from Richard, Duke of York to Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter/Some comments on A Nevill Feast, referring to the marriage of the Duke of Exeter with Anne of York, daughter of Richard, Duke of York

The Wars of the Roses/[Susan Higginbotham]/Margaret of Anjou

The Wars of the Roses/Margaret of Anjou/She Wolf or not?/Comments on the article of Mr Gareth Rusell about Margaret of Anjou

The Wars of the Roses/Causes of the Wars of the Roses/A travel to the past

The Wars of the Roses/Richard of York’s claim to the throne/Letter to MichaelHistoryBlog about the article ”The Duke of York vs the Duke of Somerset: the initial cause of the War of the Roses”

English history/The Wars of the Roses/Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York, two major players

Archieven

Zoeken

Meta

Tag archieven: Hundred Years War

Archieven

Tags

Zoeken

Meta