Tag archieven: history

april 5, 2015 · 11:36 am

[Susan Higginbotham’s History Refreshed]/Guest Post by Kathryn Warner: Edward II and the Despensers

I’m so pleased to welcome my friend Kathryn Warner for her new biography of Edward II. I’ve been looking forward to a book like this for years, and what better person than Kathryn to write it?

Kathryn and I first met online a number of years ago, when I published my first novel, The Traitor’s Wife, about Eleanor de Clare, Edward II’s favorite niece and the wife of his favorite, Hugh le Despenser the younger. Given that, what better topic for this guest post than Edward II and the Despenser family? Over to Kathryn:

King Edward II of England (reigned 1307 to 1327) is famous, or infamous, for his reliance on male ‘favourites’, the best known of whom is Piers Gaveston, whom Edward made earl of Cornwall and who was beheaded by a group of the king’s aggrieved barons in June 1312. The last of the favourites, Hugh Despenser the Younger, is not nearly so well-known, even though he was far more politically powerful than Piers Gaveston and helped bring about the king’s downfall and his own in 1326/27. Rather curiously, Edward II also had some kind of intense relationship near the end of his reign with Hugh Despenser’s wife – who happened to be his own niece, Eleanor de Clare.

Hugh Despenser the Younger was born sometime in the late 1280s as the elder son of Hugh Despenser the Elder, stepson of the earl of Norfolk and later earl of Winchester (1261-1326) and Isabel Beauchamp (1260s-1306), daughter and sister of earls of Warwick and first cousin of the earl of Ulster. Hugh the Younger made a splendid marriage in May 1306 when Edward I arranged and attended his wedding to his eldest granddaughter Eleanor de Clare, thirteen-year-old daughter of the earl of Gloucester and Edward I’s second daughter Joan of Acre. Hugh and Eleanor’s relationship seems to have been successful, as they had at least ten children together in their twenty-year marriage: Hugh, Edward, Gilbert, John, Isabel, Joan, Eleanor, Margaret, Elizabeth and an unnamed boy who died young in 1321.

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Getagd als Eleanor de Clare, English history, Guy Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, history, Hugh Despenser the Elder, Hugh le Despenser 1st Earl of Winchester, Hugh Le Despenser the Younger, In English, Isabella of FRance, Piers Gaveston, Piers Gaveston 1st Earl of Cornwall, Roger Mortimer 1st Earl of March, The Despenser War

· 10:58 am

[Susan Higginbotham’s History Refreshed]/Thanks Uncle! Gifts to Eleanor de Clare from Edward II

THANKS UNCLE! GIFTS TO ELEANOR DE CLARE FROM

EDWARD II

Whatever else one might say about Edward II, he was a generous uncle–at least to his favorite niece, Eleanor de Clare. Here’s some of his recorded gifts to her:

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Getagd als English history, history, Hugh le Despenser 1st Earl of Winchester, In English, Roger Mortimer 1st Earl of March

maart 30, 2015 · 10:05 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461/Letter to Susan Higginbotham

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL FICTION

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF

LONDON IN 1461/LETTER TO SUSAN HIGGINBOTHAM

Dear Mrs Higginbotham

As you probably know, I am a great admirer of your interesting

historical novels, especially your accurate historical research.

Perhaps you’ll remember that I wrote you some comments on your novel about

Margaret of Anjou ”Queen of Last Hopes”

See

http://www.astridessed.nl/wars-of-the-rosesmargaret-of-anjouletter-to-susan-higginbotham-about-her-book-queen-of-last-hopes/

Since then I wrote some critical remarks on your post

”If Margaret, why not Cecily?”

See your post

http://www.susanhigginbotham.com/blog/posts/if-margaret-why-not-cecily/

See my comments, which were published on your webliog

”History Refreshed”

http://www.astridessed.nl/the-wars-of-the-rosesthe-princes-in-the-towersusan-higginbothamhistory-refreshedif-margaret-why-not-cecilysome-comments/

MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS

OF LONDON IN 1461

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of York Earl of Rutland, English history, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richarde III, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 4:47 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL FICTION

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

ENMITY BETWEEN MARGARET OF ANJOU AND RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK/

AFTER THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD/MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF

ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF LONDON IN 1461

”When you play the game of thrones, you win or

you die. There is no middle ground”

I proudly present one of the rare documents I found in which Queen Margaret

of Anjou refers to her great enemy, Richard, Duke of York.

It is to be read in a Manifesto she proclaimed to the citizens

of London concerning her military campaigns after

the Battle of Wakefield.

See the text of the Manifesto below

But first:

BACKGROUND

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Louis XI, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 29, 2015 · 10:36 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (3), HEIR TO

THE THRONE

The she-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France

Whose tongue more poisons than an adders tooth

How ill beseeming it is in thy sex

To triumph like an amazon trull”

(Henry VI Part 3)

St Albans and its significance

The first battle of St Albans represents a landmark in the dispute between York and Lancaster; not as the first battle of a civil war, since it was not that, or as their biggest or bloodiest battle, since it was not that either. Its importance lay in the fact that it represented the ultimate expression of York’s change of tack from being the king’s champion to being the realm’s champion.

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 10:22 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York ”……..the King’s true liegeman……?”

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (2), ”…….THE KING’S TRUE LIEGEMAN

…….?”

How now? Is Somerset at liberty?

Then, York unloose thy long-imprisoned thoughts

And let thy tongue be equal with thy heart.

Shall I endure the sight of Somerset?

(Shakespeare: Henry VI part 2)

On his return from service in Normandy, duke Richard was the king’s true liegeman and an obedient servant of the Lancastrian establishment: or so it seemed. If he blamed the government for his enormous debts incurred on the king’s service, he did not show it. If he resented the preferment of John Beaufort and two other Lancastrian earls, he did not show it. If he was angry at the loss of Anjou and Main as part of the queen’s marriage settlement, he did not show it. In fact his reticence was a remarkable display of sangfroid in the face of his worsening financial, dynastic and political situation. Whether this reflected his true feelings or not is doubtful. Although there was now a fracture in his bond of loyalty to the Lancastrian government, he could not afford a public show of pique. He was politically weak and only harm could come to him from making a fuss now. Discretion is indeed the better part of valour; York was keeping his own counsel and biding his time.

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Getagd als Anne Moertimer, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Baeufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 10:07 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

DUKE RICHARD OF YORK (1), THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

On the 10^th of October 1460, Richard Plantagenet 3^rd duke of York walked into Westminster Hall wearing the full arms of England undifferenced. After a moment, he put his hand on the empty throne. When asked if he wished to see the king, he replied “I know of no one in the realm who would not more fitly come to me than I to him”. With those words, he declared to all those present that duke Richard had finally renounced his allegiance to king Henry VI and claimed the English crown by right of strict inheritance. York’s motive has puzzled historians ever since. Was it really his ‘natural disposition’ to champion the public interest, or was it the notion that he was the rightful king all along that stirred his ambition? This is the first of three essays in which I hope to explore that question from a personal perspective. I should add for the avoidance of doubt, that I have no intention of considering the validity duke Richard’s title: that is for another time. Neither is this a potted biography; I have included a few details of what I believe are some relevant friction points in his life for purely contextual reasons.

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward II, Edward III, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 28, 2015 · 4:17 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

PROPAGANDA IN THE PREPARED PARLIAMENTARY SPEECHES

OF 1455-1461

RUSELL BUTCHER

Propaganda, perceived by many as a twentieth-century phenomenon, has permeated recorded history. The mass propaganda of the world wars and cold war linger most in present memory, due not only to its chronological proximity, but also its potency. Earlier uses of propaganda can easily be overshadowed, in many cases considered mere bias. Yet it has always existed, and in England developed particularly in the years from 1455 to 1485, which saw a growth in the awareness for the need of propaganda to stabilise or undermine the regime in power. Many historians have made reference to propaganda in the prepared speeches in the parliamentary records for 1455-61, but few have scrutinised them as a whole as I intend to do here.

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Getagd als Act of Accord, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of Lanley 1, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richard of Conisburgh, Richard of Conisburgh 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, Southampton Plot, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 4:01 am

[Susan Higginbotham’s History Refreshed]/Two [maybe three] little nuns

TWO [MAYBEE THREE] LITTLE NUNS

On January 1, 1327, Queen Isabella, having executed her enemies and imprisoned her husband, King Edward II, turned her attention to much smaller matters: Hugh le Despenser the younger’s little daughters. On that day, the queen issued an order that Eleanor le Despenser be packed off to Sempringham, a Gilbertine priory in Lincolnshire, and veiled as a nun “without delay.” A similar order sent Margaret to Watton, another Gilbertine priory in Yorkshire. Coming just a few weeks after the brutal execution of the girls’ father and the imprisonment of their mother, the queen’s orders completed the unraveling of the privileged existence these girls had enjoyed.

Hugh le Despenser had left four sons and five daughters behind him. Isabel, the oldest of the girls, was about fourteen. She had been married as a child to Richard Fitzalan and thereby escaped her younger sisters’ fate.

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Getagd als Despenser War, Edward II, Edward III, English history, history, Hugh Despenser the Younger, Hugh le Despenser 1st Earl of Winchester, Hugh le Despenser 1st Lord Despenser, Hugh le Despenser ist Earl of Winchester, Hugh le Despenser ist Lord Despenser, In English, Isabella of FRance, Roger Mortimer 1st Earl of March, Roger Mortimer ist Earl of March, The Elder Despenser

maart 16, 2015 · 6:13 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Rivalry between Richard, Duke of York and the Duke of Somerset/The oath of allegiance of Richard, Duke of York to King Henry VI at St Paul´s Cathedral in 1452

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,

BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

WARS OF THE ROSES

RIVALRY BETWEEN RICHARD, DUKE

OF YORK AND THE DUKE OF SOMERSET/

THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE OF RICHARD, DUKE

OF YORK TO KING HENRY VI IN THE ST PAUL´S

CATHEDRAL IN 1452

INTRODUCTION

Presenting the oath of allegiance that Richard, Duke of York had to

swear to King Henry VI, which I found in the Paston Letters.

This oath was the direct result of the rivalry between

Richard, Duke of York and Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset,which

came to an armed clash with King Henry VI in 1450 as 1452, not challenging

the King´s power, as sometimes is assumed, but to dismiss

Somerset as councillor of the King.

Trying to get rid of Somerset, York had also made two

proclamations, one at the 9th of january and when that didn’t

work, and then, a stronger one at the 3rd of february, 1452, showing

more enmity against Somerset than in the first.

However, this strike was for Somerset,

because York was arrested and had to swear an oath of

allegiance to King Henry VI at St Paul’s Cathedral, while Somerset was still

in favour.

Eventually, this rivalry,

together with other causes, would lead to the Wars of the Roses.

BACKGROUND

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Getagd als Edmund Beaufort Duke of Somerset, Edmund of Langley, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, In English, In Engllish, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thiomas of Woodstock, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

Tag archieven: history

[Susan Higginbotham’s History Refreshed]/Guest Post by Kathryn Warner: Edward II and the Despensers

[Susan Higginbotham’s History Refreshed]/Thanks Uncle! Gifts to Eleanor de Clare from Edward II

The Wars of the Roses/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461/Letter to Susan Higginbotham

The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York ”……..the King’s true liegeman……?”

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

The Wars of the Roses/[Rusell Butcher]/Propaganda in the prepared parliamentary speeches of 1455-1461

[Susan Higginbotham’s History Refreshed]/Two [maybe three] little nuns

The Wars of the Roses/Rivalry between Richard, Duke of York and the Duke of Somerset/The oath of allegiance of Richard, Duke of York to King Henry VI at St Paul´s Cathedral in 1452

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