Tag archieven: France

The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg
RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
 

13501173331

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL
OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK
HISTORICAL FICTION
 
 
King Edward IV.jpg

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK
HISTORICAL IMAGE

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK
HISTORICAL FICTION

image

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER
COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,
DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV
LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED
TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE
HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY
HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,
MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]
[FICTION]
 
KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
 
MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
 

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
[FICTION]
ENMITY BETWEEN MARGARET OF ANJOU AND RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK/
AFTER THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD/MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF
ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF LONDON IN 1461
I proudly present one of the rare documents I found in which Queen Margaret
of Anjou  refers to her great enemy, Richard, Duke of York.
It is to be read in a Manifesto she proclaimed to the citizens
of London concerning her military campaigns  after
See the text of the Manifesto  below
But first:
BACKGROUND

 

 

 

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The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (3), HEIR TO

THE THRONE

The she-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France

Whose tongue more poisons than an adders tooth

How ill beseeming it is in thy sex

To triumph like an amazon trull

(Henry VI Part 3)

St Albans and its significance

 

The first battle of St Albans represents a landmark in the dispute between York and Lancaster; not as the first battle of a civil war, since it was not that, or as their biggest or bloodiest battle, since it was not that either. Its importance lay in the fact that it represented the ultimate expression of York’s change of tack from being the king’s champion to being the realm’s champion.

 

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The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York ”……..the King’s true liegeman……?”

 

How now? Is Somerset at liberty?

Then, York unloose thy long-imprisoned thoughts

And let thy tongue be equal with thy heart.

Shall I endure the sight of Somerset?

(Shakespeare: Henry VI part 2)

On his return from service in Normandy, duke Richard was the king’s true liegeman and an obedient servant of the Lancastrian establishment: or so it seemed. If he blamed the government for his enormous debts incurred on the king’s service, he did not show it. If he resented the preferment of John Beaufort and two other Lancastrian earls, he did not show it. If he was angry at the loss of Anjou and Main as part of the queen’s marriage settlement, he did not show it. In fact his reticence was a remarkable display of sangfroid in the face of his worsening financial, dynastic and political situation. Whether this reflected his true feelings or not is doubtful. Although there was now a fracture in his bond of loyalty to the Lancastrian government, he could not afford a public show of pique. He was politically weak and only harm could come to him from making a fuss now. Discretion is indeed the better part of valour; York was keeping his own counsel and biding his time.

 

 

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The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

 

 

On the 10th of October 1460, Richard Plantagenet 3rd duke of York walked into Westminster Hall wearing the full arms of England undifferenced. After a moment, he put his hand on the empty throne. When asked if he wished to see the king, he replied “I know of no one in the realm who would not more fitly come to me than I to him”. With those words, he declared to all those present that duke Richard had finally renounced his allegiance to king Henry VI and claimed the English crown by right of strict inheritance. York’s motive has puzzled historians ever since. Was it really his ‘natural disposition’ to champion the public interest, or was it the notion that he was the rightful king all along that stirred his ambition? This is the first of three essays in which I hope to explore that question from a personal perspective. I should add for the avoidance of doubt, that I have no intention of considering the validity duke Richard’s title: that is for another time. Neither is this a potted biography; I have included a few details of what I believe are some relevant friction points in his life for purely contextual reasons.

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The Wars of the Roses/The House of York/Reaction on Encyclopaedia Britannica’s changes in their article after my comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HISTORICAL FICTION
Richard II King of England.jpg
HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England

KING RICHARD II, [SON OF THE BLACK PRINCE, THE FIRST
SON OF KING EDWARD III AND THEREFORE SUCCESSOR
OF KING EDWARD III], WHO DECLARED ROGER MORTIMER
HIS HEIR PRESUMPTIVE.
ROGER MORTIMER WAS THE SON OF RICHARD II’S FIRST
COUSIN PHILIPPA,
THE DAUGHTER OF THE SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III,
LIONEL OF ANTWERP
AND THEREFORE NEXT IN LINE TO THE SUCCESSION TO
THE THRONE, AS LONG AS RICHARD II WAS CHILDLESS.
ROGER MORTIMER HAD TWO CHILDREN, EDMUND, 4TH EARL OF
MARCH AND ANNE MORTIMER, WHO MARRIED RICHARD CONISBURGH,
SON OF EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF YORK [FOURTH SON
OF EDWARD III]
AFTER HIS DEATH, ROGER MORTIMER PASSED HIS HEIR
PRESUMPTIVE RIGHT TO HIS SON EDMUND, 5TH EARL
OF MARCH, WHO PASSED THIS RIGHT TO HIS NEPHEW
RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK,  SON OF HIS SISTER
ANNE MORTIMER.
WHEN RICHARD II WAS USURPED BY HIS COUSIN
HENRY BOLINGBROKE [LATER KING HENRY IV, SON OF JOHN
OF GAUNT, THE THIRD SON OF KING EDWARD III AND
THEREFORE WITH A LESSER RIGHT TO THE THRONE
THAN EDMUND MORTIMER],
EDMUND, THE SON OF THE LATE ROGER MORTIMER,
BEING THE RIGHTFUL SUCCESSOR, WAS OVERLOOKED.
ROGER MORTIMER’S SON AND DAUGHTER, EDMUND AND
ANNE MORTIMER
ANNE MORTIMER’S SON, RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK,
GRANDSON [FROM HIS MOTHER’S SIDE]
OF ROGER MORTIMER
HIS CLAIM TO THE THRONE WAS BASED ON HIS
MATERNAL SIDE AND SUPERIOR TO THE LANCASTERS,
WHO DESCENDED FROM THE THIRD SON OF EDWARD III,
WHILE RICHARD DESCENDED FROM THE SECOND SON
King Henry IV from NPG (2).jpg
KING HENRY IV, WHO USURPED THE THRONE OF RICHARD II AS
HENRY BOLINGBROKE, HIS COUSIN
File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg
RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES
[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,
BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
King Henry V from NPG.jpg
KING HENRY V, SON OF KING HENRY IV
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND, SON OF KING HENRY V
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
 
MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
 

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
[FICTION]

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF
YORK
[FICTION]
Richard III earliest surviving portrait.jpg
KING RICHARD III, SON OF RICHARD,
DUKE OF YORK
HISTORICAL IMAGE
King Henry VII.jpg
KING HENRY VII, THE FIRST TUDOR KING
AND FOUNDER OF THE TUDOR DYNASTY
HISTORICAL IMAGE

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/THE HOUSE OF YORK/REACTION
ON ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA’S CHANGES IN THEIR
ARTICLE AFTER MY COMMENTS
Dear Readers,
Recently I wrote to Encyclopaedia Britannica about their
article ”The House of York”, adding some critical remarks.
Reasons?
Two.
FIRST:
Encyclopaedia Britannica called the overthrow of King Henry VI
by the son of Richard, Duke of York, the later King Edward IV,
after his victory in the Battle of Towton, an ”usurpation”.
In my letter to Encyclopaedia Britannica,  I pointed out,
that although it was a deposing of King Henry VI, it was no
”usurpation”, because of the York superior claim to
the throne, by descending from maternal side from
King Edward III’s second son, Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of
Clarence, while the Lancasters descended from the third
King Richard II  appointed the grandson of Lionel
 [the son of Lionel’s daughter Philippa Plantagenet,
as his heir presumptive
to the throne, a right which passed through his son, Edmund
Were Richard II not usurped by his cousin, Henrt Bolingbroke
[the later King Henry IV, and Richard II died childless, Edmund
Mortimer should be King of England.
And Edmund Mortimer was the maternal uncle
of Richard, Duke of York, who was the son of Edmund Mortimer’s
sister, Anne Mortimer.
Since Edmund Mortimer died childless, Richard of York inherited
his vast estates and the title of Earl of March [he became the
6th Earl of March], which he passed
to his son, the later Edward IV.
So when Edward IV overthrew Henry VI, it was a deposal, not
usurpation.
SECOND
When mentioning the Act of Accord of 1460, by which
Richard of York and Parliament agreed, that Richard of York
would succeed Henry VI after his death [and thus disinheriting
Edward of Westminster, the son of Henry VI, which infuriated
of course his mother, Margaret of Anjou], which was confirmed
Encyclopaedia Britannica made a remark about the
”weakness” in this claim by deriving from females.
I challenged that by pointing out, that four English Kings
REACTION OF ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA
I received an interesting and partly satisfying reaction
from Encyclopaedia Britannica with some changes
in the article
This was their reaction:

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The Wars of the Roses/Margaret of Anjou/She Wolf or not?/Comments on the article of Mr Gareth Rusell about Margaret of Anjou

 

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg
RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

EDWARD PLANTAGENET, FOURTH DUKE OF YORK,
 SON OF RICHARD, THIRD DUKE OF
YORK, THE LATER KING EDWARD IV
[FICTION]

image

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER
COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,
DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV
LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED
TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE
HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY
HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,
MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]
[FICTION]
[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,
BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

WAR OF THE ROSES
SCENE AT THE TEMPLE GARDEN
RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK, WEARING A
WHITE ROSE, TO CONFRONT
HIS POLITICAL RIVAL AND ENEMY,
EDMUND, BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF
SOMERSET, FORCING HIM TO
CHOOSE A RED ROSE
THE NOBLE LORDS TAKING SIDES
THIS IS A SHAKESPEARE SCENE [HENRY VI]
AND NOT BASED ON ANY HISTORICAL
EVIDENCE
KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
[FICTION]
 

13501173331

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, FAVOURITE
OF MARGARET OF ANJOU AND BITTER ENEMY OF RICHARD,
DUKE OF YORK
[FICTION]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/MARGARET OF ANJOU/SHE WOLF

OR NOT?/COMMENTS ON

Dear Readers,
Recently I read a very interesting article of Mr Gareth Russell
on his Blog ”Confessions of a Ci-Devant”
The article is titled:
23th MARCH, 1430, THE BIRTH OF MARGUERITE OF
ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND”
See for complete text of the Blog article below
 
Russel gives an interesting comment on Margaret of Anjou’s
historical and political role, challenging the villifying of
Margaret of Anjou.
I greatly agree with his view about Margaret of Anjou
, though he doesn’t emphasize 
clearly, that the Wars of the Roses was no struggle between
 ”ambitious claimants and magnates’ only, but had a legitimation
in it, since  Richard, Duke of York, had a better claim than the
Lancasters, as King Henry VI himself.
Understandable he wanted to fight for it, as understandable, that
Margaret of Anjou wanted to defend her son’s rights.
But fact stays, that York had more right to the throne.
Also it’s a pity that Russell doesn’t explain clearly
,in which way Margaret
of Anjou was villified and why it was villification at all.
In this comment I tell more over this villification and
give also my opinion on the question
Who was Margaret of Anjou
A She Wolf, A Saint or just a Brave Woman.
TRAVEL WITH ME TO THE PAST AGAIN
ENTER THE WORLD

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The Wars of the Roses/Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter/Her marriage to Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter

 

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg
RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF
YORK AND BROTHER OF ANNE OF YORK,
DUCHESS OF EXETER
[FICTION]

Sansa 1

ANNE PLANTAGENET, DUCHESS OF EXETER [MARRIED TO HENRY HOLLAND,
3TH DUKE OF EXETER], DAUGHTER OF THE DUKE OF YORK
[FICTION]
[PLANTAGENET IS THE NAME OF THE ROYAL HOUSE FROM
1154 TILL 1485. SINCE THE DUKE OF YORK WAS A DIRECT MALE
DESCENDANT OF EDMUND OF LANGLEY, FOURTH SON OF EDWARD III,
HIS FAMILY NAME WAS PLANTAGENET, HIS DAUGHTER’S
FAMILY NAME WAS ALSO PLANTAGENET]

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/ANNE OF YORK,DUCHESS OF
EXETER/HER MARRIAGE TO HENRY
HOLLAND, 3RD  DUKE OF EXETER
Dear Readers,
Today, I  take you to a journey of
the past again, this timeabout  the married  life of Anne of York [1]
daughter of Richard, Duke of York [2]
with Henry Holland, the 3rd Duke of Exeter. [3],
which was not quite a succes.
Why not?
ENTER THE WORLD

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The Wars of the Roses/Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter/The Duke of York’s motives for a large marriage portion to the Duke of Exeter/Comments on Susan Higginbotham’s Blog ”History Refreshed”

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg
RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
 COATS OF ARMS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK AND HIS SON
IN LAW, HENRY HOLLAND, 3TH DUKE OF EXETER,
BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III.
HOWEVER, YORK HAD A BETTER CLAIM TO THE THRONE,
DESCENDED FROM THE SECOND SON OF EDWARD III [LIONEL
OF ANTWERP] WHILE
EXETER DESCENDED FROM THE THIRD SON [JOHN OF GAUNT]
TO BEGIN WITH:
ARMS OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET
DESCENDANTS OF THE PLANTAGENETS, AS
THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK, AND OF COURSE
THE PLANTAGENET KINGS, WEAR THOSE ARMS.
FROM THE REIGN OF KING EDWARD III, FRENCH LILIES
[BLUE BLACKGROUND] WERE ADDED TO THE ARMS, SINCE EDWARD III
CLAIMED THE FRENCH CROWN [BEING THE MATERNAL GRANDSON
OF THE DECEASED FRENCH KING PHILIP IV], WHICH WAS THE BEGINNING
OF THE HUNDRED YEAR’S WAR WITH FRANCE
Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg
Coat of arms with three lions, gold on red, in two quarter, fleurs de lys, gold on blue, in two.thumb
ARMS OF EDWARD III, THE FIRST
PLANTAGENET KING TO ADD THE FRENCH
LILIES [FLEURS DE LYS] BECAUSE OF
HIS CLAIM TO THE FRENCH THRONE
ARMS OF RICHARD,  DUKE OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE AND HENRY HOLLAND, 3TH DUKE OF EXETER, SON
IN LAW OF THE DUKE OF YORK
SINCE THE DUKE OF YORK DESCENDS [THROUGH HIS MOTHER,
ANNE MORTIMER] FROM LIONEL OF ANTWERP, SECOND SON
OF EDWARD III, HIS CLAIM TO THE THRONE IS SUPERIOR THAN HIS
SON IN LAW, SINCE HENRY HOLLAND DESCENDS OF JOHN OF GAUNT,
THIRD SON OF EDWARD III
ARMS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (Variant).svg
ARMS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK
EXPLANATIONS OF THE ARMS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

QUARTERLY 1ST [LEFT ABOVE] OF THE ARMS
OF THE DUKE OF YORK:
ROYAL ARMS OF HIS PATERNAL GRANDFATHER,
EDMUND OF LANGLEY,FIRST DUKE
OF YORK SON OF KING EDWARD III
HERE HE HAD A CLAIM TO THE THRONE, BUT LESS
VALID THAN FROM HIS MOTHER’S SIDE, SINCE LANGLEY
WAS THE FOURTH SON OF KING EDWARD III
[LANGLEY HAD THOSE ROYAL ARMS, BEING THE SON
OF A KING]
SECOND QUATERLY [ABOVE RIGHT]
OF THE ARMS
OF THE DUKE OF YORK
THE ARMS OF CASTILE AND LEON.
THOSE WERE THE ARMS OF THE
THE PATERNAL GRANDMOTHER OF
RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK,
ISABELLA OF CASTILE, DUCHESS OF
YORK
Arms of the House of Mortimer.svg
3RD QUATERLY [BELOW LEFT]
OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK
THE ARMS OF THE MORTIMERS
HIS MATERNAL GREAT GRANDMOTHER,
PHILIPPA PLANTAGENET, DAUGHTER
OF LIONEL OF ANTWERP [WHO WAS THE SECOND
SON OF KING EDWARD III], MARRIED EDMUND
MORTIMER, 3RD EARL OF MARCH, WHO THUS
WAS THE GREAT GRANDFATHER OF RICHARD,
DUKE OF YORK.
Arms of the House of de Burgh.svg

3RD QUATERLY [BELOW LEFT]
OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK
THE ARMS OF THE EARLS OF ULSTER
ELIZABETH DE BURGH, DAUGHTER OF
WILLIAM DON DE BURGH, AND THE 4TH
COUNTESS OF ULSTER, WAS THE MATERNAL
GREAT GREAT GRANDMOTHER OF THE
DUKE OF YORK, BEING MARRIED WITH
HIS ANCESTOR, LIONEL OF ANTWERP
[SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III]
4TH QUARTERLY [BELOW RIGHT]
OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK
ROYAL ARMS OF THE MATERNAL GREAT
GREAT GRANDFATHER OF THE DUKE OF YORK,
LIONEL OF ANTWERP, 1ST DUKE OF CLARENCE, AND
SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III.
THIS WAS THE SUPERIOR CLAIM TO THE THRONE,
THE DUKE OF YORK HELD OVER THE LANCASTERS
[ALSO OVER KING HENRY VI, WHO WAS OF
THE LANCASTER HOUSE], SINCE THE LANCASTERS
DESCENDED FROM JOHN OF GAUNT, THE
THIRD SON OF KING EDWARD III.
THE IMAGE  IS A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM THE
ABOVE IMAGE OF THE ROYAL ARMS OF THE DUKE
OF YORK, BUT THESE ARE THE ROYAL ARMS,
AS CARRIED BY ALL SONS OF KING EDWARD III,
THOUGH THERE ARE SOME VARIETIES.
SEE BELOW
SEE THE ARMS OF THE OTHER SONS

Sansa 1

ANNE PLANTAGENET, DUCHESS OF EXETER [MARRIED TO HENRY HOLLAND,
3TH DUKE OF EXETER], DAUGHTER OF THE DUKE OF YORK
[FICTION]
[PLANTAGENET IS THE NAME OF THE ROYAL HOUSE FROM
1154 TILL 1485. SINCE THE DUKE OF YORK WAS A DIRECT MALE
DESCENDANT OF EDMUND OF LANGLEY, FOURTH SON OF EDWARD III,
HIS FAMILY NAME WAS PLANTAGENET, HIS DAUGHTER’S
FAMILY NAME WAS ALSO PLANTAGENET]
Ex 5
HENRY HOLLAND, THIRD DUKE OF EXETER, SON
IN LAW OF THE DUKE OF YORK
[FICTION]
COATS OF ARMS OF  HENRY HOLLAND, 3TH DUKE OF EXETER AND
SON IN LAW OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK [MARRIED
TO HIS DAUGHTER ANNE OF YORK]
TO BEGIN WITH:
ARMS OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET
DESCENDANTS OF THE PLANTAGENETS, AS
THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK, AND OF COURSE
THE PLANTAGENET KINGS, WEAR THOSE ARMS.
FROM THE REIGN OF KING EDWARD III, FRENCH LILIES
[BLUE BLACKGROUND] WERE ADDED TO THE ARMS, SINCE EDWARD III
CLAIMED THE FRENCH CROWN [BEING THE MATERNAL GRANDSON
OF THE DECEASED FRENCH KING PHILIP IV], WHICH WAS THE BEGINNING
OF THE HUNDRED YEAR’S WAR WITH FRANCE
Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg
Coat of arms with three lions, gold on red, in two quarter, fleurs de lys, gold on blue, in two.thumb
ARMS OF EDWARD III, THE FIRST
PLANTAGENET KING TO ADD THE FRENCH
LILIES [FLEURS DE LYS] BECAUSE OF
HIS CLAIM TO THE FRENCH THRONE
ARMS OF HENRY HOLLAND, 3TH DUKE OF EXETER AND
SON IN LAW OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK [MARRIED
TO HIS DAUGHTER ANNE OF YORK]
ROYAL ARMS
SINCE THE DUKE OF EXETER DESCENDS FROM JOHN
OF GAUNT, THIRD SON OF EDWARD III, WHO WAS
HIS GREAT GREAT GRANDFATHER, HE WEARS THE ROYAL
ARMS
ARMS OF JOHN HOLLAND, SECOND DUKE OF
EXETER, FATHER OF HENRY HOLAND [SON IN LAW OF
THE DUKE OF YORK]
AS THE GREAT GRANDSON OF JOHN OF GAUNT, THIRD SON
OF EDWARD III, JOHN HOLLAND WEARS THE ROYAL ARMS
ARMS OF JOHN HOLLAND, FIRST DUKE OF EXETER, GRANDFATHER
OF HENRY HOLLAND, 3TH DUKE OF EXETER [SON IN LAW
OF THE DUKE OF YORK]
Arms of John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter.svg
AS THE GRANDSON OF JOHN OF GAUNT, THIRD SON
OF EDWARD III, HE WEARS THE ROYAL ARMS
IN A VARYING FORM, BUT CLEARLY THE ROYAL ARMS
JOHN OF HOLLAND, FIRST DUKE OF EXETER, WAS THE SON
OF ELIZABETH OF LANCASTER, DAUGHTER OF JOHN OF
GAUNT, THIRD SON OF EDWARD III
ELIZABETH LANCASTER WAS THE GREAT GRANDMOTHER OF
HENRY HOLLAND, THE SON IN LAW OF THE DUKE OF YORK
ARMS OF JOHN OF GAUNT,FIRST DUKE OF
LANCASTER, GREAT GREAT GRANDFATHER OF
HENRY HOLLAND, 3TH DUKE OF EXETER AND
SON IN LAW OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK
TO THE RIGHT, THE ARMS OF CASTILE AND LEON,
THE ARMS OF HIS SECOND WIFE, CONSTANCE OF CASTILE
TO THE LEFT, THE ROYAL ARMS, SINCE HE WAS THE THIRD SON
OF EDWARD III
JOHN OF GAUNT WAS DUKE OF LANCASTER BY HIS MARRIAGE WITH
BLANCHE OF LANCASTER, DAUGHTER OF JOHN GROSMONT,
FIRST DUKE OF LANCASTER AND FOURTH EARL OF LEICESTER
AND LANCASTER.
[SINCE HENRY OF GROSMONT HAD NO SURIVING SONS, JOHN
OF GAUNT INHERITED THE TITLE]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/ANNE OF YORK, DUCHESS
OF EXETER/THE DUKE OF YORK’S MOTIVES FOR
A LARGE MARRIAGE PORTION TO THE DUKE
OF EXETER/COMMENTS ON SUSAN HIGGINBOTHAM’S
BLOG ”HISTORY REFRESHED”
Dear Readers,
As you’ll see, I made some comments on the article
”Susan Higginbotham’s
interesting weblog ”History Refreshed”.
But before doing that, I take you to a journey of
the past again, this time the married  life of Anne of York ,
which was not quite a succes.
Why not?
ENTER THE WORLD

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I am not Charlie/Condemnation of the Charlie Hebdo attacks/No solidarity with racism and Islamophobia

 

CHARLIE HEBDO/RACISTIS IMAGE OF THE BLACK FRENCH
MINISTER OF JUSTICE AS A MONKEY
150107_BB_Hebdo1011_350

In 2011, a special edition of Charlie Hebdo entitled Sharia Hebdo featured a cartoon of the prophet Muhammad on the cover as “guest-editor”, saying: “100lashes if you don’t die of laughter!
CARTOON OF THE PROPHET MOHAMMED
 IN THE SOCALLED ”SHARIA EDITION” OF
CHARLIE HEBDO.
IT’S AN INSULT OF THE PROPHET MOHAMMED AS HOLY
FOR THE ISLAM AND STEREOTYPING OF THE ISLAM
150107_BB_Hebdo920_350

DENIGRATING AND INSULTING CARTOON OF CHARLIE HEBDO/
SUPPORT FOR FRENCH BURQA BAN WITH AS
TEXT/”OUI AUPORT DE LA BURQA, A L’ENTERIEUR””
[YES/FOR WEARING THE BURQA/FROM INSIDE]
 SEE BLUE HANDKERCHIEF

RACISTIST IMAGE OF WOMEN, WHO ARE ABDUCTED
BY BOKO HARAM/SEE THE FAT LIPS, THE
VAMPIRE TEETH AND STRANGE GRIMACES
THE WAY BLACK PEOPLE WERE DEPICTED IN
THE 19TH CENTURY, TIME OF SLAVERY AND
RACIST THEORIES OF SUPERIORITY
THIS  INFERIOR CARICATURE OF JEWS IN THE NAZI
PROPAGANDA  PAPER ”DER STURMER” HAS RESEMBLANCES
 WITH THE IMAGE OF THE WOMEN [ABOVE], AS THE DEPICTION
OF THE BLACK FRENCH MINISTER OF JUSTICE AS A MONKEY/
THE SAME HATESPEECH, THE SAME THEORY OF SUPERIORITY
People attend a rally to protest against satirical cartoons of prophet Mohammad, near the Heart of Chechnya mosque in Grozny, Chechnya January 19, 2015. (Reuters / Eduard Korniyenko)

People attend a rally to protest against satirical cartoons of prophet Mohammad, near the Heart of Chechnya mosque in Grozny, Chechnya January 19, 2015. (Reuters / Eduard Korniyenko)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

”DON”T BE AFRAID. I WON’T KILL YOU.
YOU’RE A WOMAN”
Sigolène Vinson, one of the survivors of the Charlie Hebdo massacre, has given an account of how her life was spared
Charlie Hebdo, a somewhat obscure magazine, [1] is suddenly is an
international star.
At wednesday 7 january, two masked gunmen killed ten members
of the Charlie Hebdo editorial staff and two police officers, during
an editorial meeting. [2]
Soon international political reactions burst out, from over the whole
world. [3]
The Dutch King Willem Alexander showed ”very shocked”, as the Dutch
prime minister Rutte [4] and the other heads of State.
Leitmotiv was the criminal act and, in various terms ”the attack
against freedom of expression, a precious fundamental freedom which we must continue to defend.” [5]
One of the few reactions, which looked farther, was the Indonesian,
which expressed, except a concdemnation  ” fear that Wednesday’s deadly shooting attack on the office of the French magazine, Charlie Hebdo, will harm Muslims around the world and hope the international community will be fair with this incident and not generalize it as part of Islam” [6]
Iran pointed out, that ” “making use of freedom of expression… to humiliate the monotheistic religions and their values and symbols is unacceptable.” [7]
And of course the Dutch extreme-right Europese political gangster,
PVV fuhrer G, Wilders [8], as other European racist scum, uttered
their hatespeech and war language against Islam and muslims. [9]
A ”Charlie Hausse” was created and millions in Europe
stood and shouted ”I am Charlie”
Cartoonists published more or less sordid cartoons [some
downright hatespeech] [10] and spontaneous ”I am Charlie”
demonstrations were held. [11]
This was only a prelude to the great Paris Charlie Hebdo March.
But there also were otherl sounds:
Morocco’s Foreign Minister Salahedinne Mezouar didn’t participate
with the Paris Charflie Hebdo March, because cartoons of the
Prophet Mohammed would be carried. [12]
The unity for Charlie Hebdo was not so broad as was
presented in de media:
An investigation of the Journal du Dimanche showed, that
four out of 10 French people think the magazine
Charlie Hebdo should not have published the Prophet
Mohammed cartoons because of the offense to muslims. [13]
A RIGHTFUL ”CHARLIE HAUSSE”?
OR IS THERE SOMETHING ROTTEN AT THE BOTTOM
OF ”CHARLIE”
Of course the killings of 12 people are never to be justified.
Understandable, thjat people want to show their grief and
solidarity.
But there is a big difference between showing your indignation
over a barbarous act and declaring solidarity with a magazine.
Because shouting ”Je suis Charlie” means identification
with the Charlie Hebd Magazine.
AND THAT’S THE POINT!
Because:
What is Charlie Hebdo and do they deserve solidarity?

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The Wars of the Roses/Richard of York’s claim to the throne/Letter to MichaelHistoryBlog about the article ”The Duke of York vs the Duke of Somerset: the initial cause of the War of the Roses”

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg
RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF THE ROSES
TO BEGIN WITH:
ARMS OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET
DESCENDANTS OF THE PLANTAGENETS, AS
THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK, AND OF COURSE
THE PLANTAGENET KINGS, WEAR THOSE ARMS.
FROM THE REIGN OF KING EDWARD III, FRENCH LILIES
[BLUE BLACKGROUND] WERE ADDED TO THE ARMS, SINCE EDWARD III
CLAIMED THE FRENCH CROWN [BEING THE MATERNAL GRANDSON
OF THE DECEASED FRENCH KING PHILIP IV], WHICH WAS THE BEGINNING
OF THE HUNDRED YEAR’S WAR WITH FRANCE
Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg
Coat of arms with three lions, gold on red, in two quarter, fleurs de lys, gold on blue, in two.thumb
ARMS OF EDWARD III, THE FIRST
PLANTAGENET KING TO ADD THE FRENCH
LILIES [FLEURS DE LYS] BECAUSE OF
HIS CLAIM TO THE FRENCH THRONE
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (Variant).svg
ARMS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK
EXPLANATIONS OF THE ARMS OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

QUARTERLY 1ST [LEFT ABOVE] OF THE ARMS
OF THE DUKE OF YORK:
ROYAL ARMS OF HIS PATERNAL GRANDFATHER,
EDMUND OF LANGLEY,FIRST DUKE
OF YORK SON OF KING EDWARD III
HERE HE HAD A CLAIM TO THE THRONE, BUT LESS
VALID THAN FROM HIS MOTHER’S SIDE, SINCE LANGLEY
WAS THE FOURTH SON OF KING EDWARD III
[LANGLEY HAD THOSE ROYAL ARMS, BEING THE SON
OF A KING]
SECOND QUATERLY [ABOVE RIGHT]
OF THE ARMS
OF THE DUKE OF YORK
THE ARMS OF CASTILE AND LEON.
THOSE WERE THE ARMS OF THE
THE PATERNAL GRANDMOTHER OF
RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK,
ISABELLA OF CASTILE, DUCHESS OF
YORK
Arms of the House of Mortimer.svg
3RD QUATERLY [BELOW LEFT]
OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK
THE ARMS OF THE MORTIMERS
HIS MATERNAL GREAT GRANDMOTHER,
PHILIPPA PLANTAGENET, DAUGHTER
OF LIONEL OF ANTWERP [WHO WAS THE SECOND
SON OF KING EDWARD III], MARRIED EDMUND
MORTIMER, 3RD EARL OF MARCH, WHO THUS
WAS THE GREAT GRANDFATHER OF RICHARD,
DUKE OF YORK.

Arms of the House of de Burgh.svg

3RD QUATERLY [BELOW LEFT]
OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK
THE ARMS OF THE EARLS OF ULSTER
ELIZABETH DE BURGH, DAUGHTER OF
WILLIAM DON DE BURGH, AND THE 4TH
COUNTESS OF ULSTER, WAS THE MATERNAL
GREAT GREAT GRANDMOTHER OF THE
DUKE OF YORK, BEING MARRIED WITH
HIS ANCESTOR, LIONEL OF ANTWERP
[SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III]
4TH QUARTERLY [BELOW RIGHT]
OF THE ARMS OF THE DUKE OF YORK
ROYAL ARMS OF THE MATERNAL GREAT
GREAT GRANDFATHER OF THE DUKE OF YORK,
LIONEL OF ANTWERP, 1ST DUKE OF CLARENCE, AND
SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III.
THIS WAS THE SUPERIOR CLAIM TO THE THRONE,
THE DUKE OF YORK HELD OVER THE LANCASTERS
[ALSO OVER KING HENRY VI, WHO WAS OF
THE LANCASTER HOUSE], SINCE THE LANCASTERS
DESCENDED FROM JOHN OF GAUNT, THE
THIRD SON OF KING EDWARD III.
THE IMAGE  IS A LITTLE DIFFERENT FROM THE
ABOVE IMAGE OF THE ROYAL ARMS OF THE DUKE
OF YORK, BUT THESE ARE THE ROYAL ARMS,
AS CARRIED BY ALL SONS OF KING EDWARD III,
THOUGH THERE ARE SOME VARIETIES.
SEE BELOW
SEE THE ARMS OF THE OTHER SONS
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/RICHARD OF YORK’S CLAIM TO
THE THRONE/LETTER TO MICHAEL
HISTORY BLOG  ABOUT HIS ARTICLE ”THE DUKE OF YORK VS. THE DUKE
OF SOMERSET: THE INITIAL CAUSE OF THE WAR OF THE ROSES”
Dear Readers
Recently I discovered an interesting historical site ”MICHEALSHISTORYBLOG”,

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