Tag archieven: England

april 11, 2015 · 3:51 pm

Edward II/Relationship of Edward and his wife Isabella/Did Edward II neglect his wife?/Reaction on the Facebookpage of Kathryn Warner ”EdwardofCaernarfon”

Portrait in Westminster Abbey, thought to be of Edward I

EDWARD I OF ENGLAND, ”LONGSHANKS”

THE ”HAMMER” OF THE SCOTS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England

KING EDWARD II, THE TRAGIC KING

EFFIGY OF KING EDWARD II IN GLOUCESTER CATHEDRAL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England\

Initial from the charter granting Gaveston the earldom of Cornwall, showing the arms of England at top, and Gaveston’s coat of arms impaledwith those of de Clare below.

INITIAL FROM THE CHARTER GRANTING GAVESTON THE EARLDOM OF CORNWALL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers_Gaveston,_1st_Earl_of_Cornwall

Guy de Beauchamp standing over the decapitated body of Piers Gaveston. From the 15th-century Rous Rolls.^[1]

A MACABER SCENE

THE DECAPACITATED BODY OF PIERS GAVESTON,

EXECUTED BY HIS TWO MAJOR ENEMIES, THOMAS,

2N DUKE OF LANCASTER AND GUY DE BEAUCHAMP,

10TH EARL OF WARWICK

GUY DE BEAUCHAMP IS STANDING OVER HIS

DECAPACITATED BODY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers_Gaveston,_1st_Earl_of_Cornwall

Guy de Beauchamp standing over the decapitated body of Piers Gaveston. From the 15th-century Rous Rolls.^[1]

GUY DE BEAUCHAMP, 10TH EARL OF WARWICK, GREAT ENEMY

OF PIERS OF GAVESTON, FAVOURITE OF EDWARD II

TOGETHER WITH THOMAS, 2ND EARL OF LANCASTER,

THE EARL OF WARWICK HAD PIERS GAVESTON EXECUTED

AFTER ABDUCTING HIM

HERE IS GUY DE BEAUCHAMP IN A MACABER SCENE, STANDING

STANDING OVER THE DECAPITATED BODY OF PIERS GAVESTON

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_de_Beauchamp,_10th_Earl_of_Warwick

EXECUTION OF THOMAS, 2ND EARL OF LANCASTER, THE

GREAT ENEMY OF PIERS GAVESTON AND LATER, THE DESPENSERS

http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/thomasoflancaster.htm

Seal of Henry of Lancaster from the Barons’ Letter, 1301, which he signed as Henricus de Lancastre, Dominus de Munemue (Henry of Lancaster, Lord of Monmouth). His shield couche shows the armorial of Plantagenet differenced by a bend azure (see below)

SEAL OF HENRY, 3RD EARL OF LANCASTER,

BROTHER TO THOMAS, 2ND EARL OF LANCASTER

BOTH SONS OF EDMUND CROUCHBACK, BROTHER TO

KING EDWARD I AND UNCLE TO EDWARD II

MOST LIKELY OUT OF REVENGE FOR THE EXEXUTION

OF HIS BROTHER THOMAS [SEE IMAGE ABOVE]

BY THE DESPENSERS AND THE KING, HENRY

SIDED WITH QUEEN ISABELLA AND ROGER MORTIMER

AGAINST KING EDWARD II AND THE DESPENSERS

HENRY IS THE ANCESTOR OF BLANCHE OF LANCASTER

[HIS GRANDDAUGHER], WHO MARRIED JOHN OF GAUNT

[THIRD SON TO EDWARD III]

JOHN OF GAUNT BECAME THE 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER

SO HENRY WAS THE ANCESTOR OF THE HOUSE

OF LANCASTER

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry,_3rd_Earl_of_Lancaster

A 15th-century depiction of Isabella

ISABELLA OF FRANCE

HISTORICAL IMAGE

QUEEN ISABELLA OF FRANCE, DAUGHTER TO THE FRENCH KING

PHILIPS IV [LE BEL]

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_France

ROGER MORTIMER, 1ST EARL OF MARCH, PARTNER

IN CRIME AND MOST LIKELY LOVER OF QUEEN ISABELLA

OF FRANCE

15th-century manuscript illustration depicting Roger Mortimer and Queen Isabella in the foreground

ROGER MORTIMER AND QUEEN ISABELLA ON THE FOREGROUND

15TH CENTURY HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_1st_Earl_of_March

HISTORICAL IMAGE

HUGH LE DESPENSER THE YOUNGER, [ALONG WITH HIS

FATHER, THE ELDER] FAVOURITE TO KING EDWARD II,

WHO DIED A HORRIBLE DEATH AT THE ORDERS OF

QUEEN ISABELLA AND [MOST LIKELY] LOVER

ROGER MORTIMER AFTER THE INVASION OF

ISABELLA AND MORTIMER, WHICH LED TO THE DOWNFALL

AND FINAL DEATH OF KING EDWARD II

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Despenser_the_Younger

Edward III as head of the Order of the Garter, drawing c.1430–40 in the Bruges Garter Book

KING EDWARD III

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England

EDWARD II/RELATIONSHIP OF EDWARD II AND

ISABELLA/DID EDWARD II NEGLECT HIS WIFE?

REACTION ON FACEBOOK PAGE OF KATHRYN

WARNER ”EDWARDOFCEARNARFON”

Yes, Edward likely neglected his wife.

I will explain below what lead to my repeated statement about the

neglection of Isabella by her husband King Edward II,

since I had already answered this in my last article.

BUT FIRST THIS:

Yesterday I travelled with you to the past, writing about

the tragic life of King Edward II.

And coming back to 2015, I have a need to travel to

Edward’s time again.

Accompany me and enter the world.

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Getagd als Charles IV of France, Edward I, Edward II, Edward III, Eleanor de Clare, England, English history, France, Guy de Beauchamp 10th Earl of Warwick, Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Henry Percy 1st Baron Percy, history, Hugh Despenser 1st Earl of Winchester, Hugh Despenser the Elder, Hugh Despenser the Younger, Hundred Years War, In English, Isabella of FRance, Philip IV of France, Piers Gaveston 1st Earl of Cornwall, Thomas 2nd Earl of Lancaster

april 10, 2015 · 10:23 pm

[Lady Despenser’s Scribery]/The flight and capture of Hugh Despenser and Edward II

THE FLIGHT AND CAPTURE OF HUGH DESPENSER AND EDWARD II

1326

Invasion

When Isabella, Edward’s estranged queen, and his foremost enemy, Roger de Mortimer landed on British soil near to the manor of Walton in Suffolk on 24th September 1326, Edward was taken by surprise. Not so much by the invasion itself, as he had been preparing for such an event for the past couple of months – but that the force they brought with them was so small. It consisted of about 1500 soldiers (exiled Contrariants and Hainault mercenaries) – hardly enough to constitute a great threat. However, if Edward thought his wife and Mortimer’s rebellion a pathetic gesture, he was soon forced to think again.

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Getagd als Charles IV of France, Edward I, Edward II, Edward III, Eleanor de Clare, England, English history, France, Guy de Beauchamp 10 th Earl of Warwick, Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster, history, Hugh Despenser 1st Earl of Winchester, Hugh Despenser the Elder, Hugh Despenser the Younger, Hundred Years War, In English, Isabella of FRance, Philip IV of France, Piers Gaveston 1st Earl of Cromwall, Roger Mortimer 1st Earl of March, Thomas 2nd Earl of Lancaster

· 4:43 pm

[EdwardthesecondBlogspot]/Piers Gaveston’s second exile

PIERS GAVESTON’S SECOND EXILE

Edward II recalled Piers from the exile imposed on him by Edward I immediately after he heard the news that his father was dead, on 11 July 1307. Piers was back in England by early August, and Edward created him earl of Cornwall on 6 August, possibly without Piers’ prior knowledge – or so Edward would claim in letters to the Pope and the king of France the following year. (Edward can’t entirely be trusted here, however – he also claimed that he made Piers an earl at the urging of his barons – which was emphatically not the case!)Edward also arranged Piers’ marriage to his (Edward’s, not Piers’, obviously) niece Margaret de Clare, which took place on 1 November 1307, but which had been planned for months – the charter granting the earldom of Cornwall to Piers on 6 August was decorated with the de Clare arms as well as Piers’ own. Piers had an annual income of £4000, making him one of the richest men in the country.As though all this wasn’t bad enough – making the younger son of a minor Gascon noble a wealthy earl and a member of the royal family by marriage – Piers dominated Edward’s favour and attention. According to the contemporary Vita Edwardi Secundi, Piers “alone found favour in the king’s eyes and lorded it over them [the English barons] like a second king, to whom all were subject and none equal. Almost all the land hated him..his name was reviled far and wide…he was an object of mockery to almost everyone in the kingdom.” The comment that Piers was ‘like a second king’ is echoed in other chronicles – the (later) Meaux chronicle called him “almost a king” (quasi rex) and the canon of Bridlington claimed there were two kings in England.

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· 4:31 pm

[EdwardthesecondBlogspot]/Edward II’s Coronation oath, 25 February 1308

EDWARD II’S CORONATION OATH, 25 FEBRUARY 1308

Sire, volez vous graunter, è garder, &, par vostre serment, confermer au poeple d’Engleterre les leys, & les custumes, à eux grauntees par les auntiens Rois d’Engleterre, voz predecessours droitures & devotz a DIEU; & nomement les lois, les custumes, & les fraunchises, grantez au clerge, è au poeple par le glorieus Roi seint Edward, vostre predecessour? Jeo les grante & promette. Sire, garderez vous à DIEU, & seinte eglise, & au clerge, & au poeple paes, & acord en DIEU entierment, solonc vostre poer? Jeo les garderai. Sire, freez vous faire, en touz voz jugementz, ovele & droit justice & discretion, en misericorde & verite, à vostre poer? Jeo le frai. Sire, graunte vous à tenir & garder les loys & les custumes droitureles, les quiels la communaute de vostre roiaume aura esleu, & les defendrez & afforcerez, al honour de DIEU, à vostre poer? Jeo les graunte & promette.

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april 5, 2015 · 1:53 pm

King Edward II/[Edward the second Blogspot]/What happened after the barons killed Piers Gaveston

WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THE BARONS KILLED PIERS GAVESTON

A post about what happened in the days after Piers Gaveston’s death, which I’d originally intended to coincide with the anniversary of said death, i.e. 19 June. Oh well, only six weeks late.Piers was killed at Blacklow Hill in Warwickshire on Monday 19 June 1312 – see this post, and Anerje’s great blog about Piers, for more details. On that day, Edward II was staying 150 miles away at Burstwick-in-Holderness near Hull, with Queen Isabella, who was about four months pregnant with Edward III. Let me emphasise the fact that Isabella was already pregnant when Piers died; too many websites give the impression that Edward only began a proper relationship with his wife after the death of his favourite, as though the killing of Piers Gaveston was a necessary step to ensure the continuation of the royal English line.

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maart 30, 2015 · 4:47 pm

The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461

File:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York.jpg

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

_________________________________________

EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL

OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

HISTORICAL FICTION

RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER

COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV

LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED

TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A ”LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE

HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY

HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,

MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

ENMITY BETWEEN MARGARET OF ANJOU AND RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK/

AFTER THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD/MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF

ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF LONDON IN 1461

”When you play the game of thrones, you win or

you die. There is no middle ground”

I proudly present one of the rare documents I found in which Queen Margaret

of Anjou refers to her great enemy, Richard, Duke of York.

It is to be read in a Manifesto she proclaimed to the citizens

of London concerning her military campaigns after

the Battle of Wakefield.

See the text of the Manifesto below

But first:

BACKGROUND

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Louis XI, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 29, 2015 · 10:36 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (3), HEIR TO

THE THRONE

The she-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France

Whose tongue more poisons than an adders tooth

How ill beseeming it is in thy sex

To triumph like an amazon trull”

(Henry VI Part 3)

St Albans and its significance

The first battle of St Albans represents a landmark in the dispute between York and Lancaster; not as the first battle of a civil war, since it was not that, or as their biggest or bloodiest battle, since it was not that either. Its importance lay in the fact that it represented the ultimate expression of York’s change of tack from being the king’s champion to being the realm’s champion.

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 10:22 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York ”……..the King’s true liegeman……?”

DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (2), ”…….THE KING’S TRUE LIEGEMAN

…….?”

How now? Is Somerset at liberty?

Then, York unloose thy long-imprisoned thoughts

And let thy tongue be equal with thy heart.

Shall I endure the sight of Somerset?

(Shakespeare: Henry VI part 2)

On his return from service in Normandy, duke Richard was the king’s true liegeman and an obedient servant of the Lancastrian establishment: or so it seemed. If he blamed the government for his enormous debts incurred on the king’s service, he did not show it. If he resented the preferment of John Beaufort and two other Lancastrian earls, he did not show it. If he was angry at the loss of Anjou and Main as part of the queen’s marriage settlement, he did not show it. In fact his reticence was a remarkable display of sangfroid in the face of his worsening financial, dynastic and political situation. Whether this reflected his true feelings or not is doubtful. Although there was now a fracture in his bond of loyalty to the Lancastrian government, he could not afford a public show of pique. He was politically weak and only harm could come to him from making a fuss now. Discretion is indeed the better part of valour; York was keeping his own counsel and biding his time.

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Getagd als Anne Moertimer, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Baeufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

· 10:07 pm

The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king

DUKE RICHARD OF YORK (1), THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

On the 10^th of October 1460, Richard Plantagenet 3^rd duke of York walked into Westminster Hall wearing the full arms of England undifferenced. After a moment, he put his hand on the empty throne. When asked if he wished to see the king, he replied “I know of no one in the realm who would not more fitly come to me than I to him”. With those words, he declared to all those present that duke Richard had finally renounced his allegiance to king Henry VI and claimed the English crown by right of strict inheritance. York’s motive has puzzled historians ever since. Was it really his ‘natural disposition’ to champion the public interest, or was it the notion that he was the rightful king all along that stirred his ambition? This is the first of three essays in which I hope to explore that question from a personal perspective. I should add for the avoidance of doubt, that I have no intention of considering the validity duke Richard’s title: that is for another time. Neither is this a potted biography; I have included a few details of what I believe are some relevant friction points in his life for purely contextual reasons.

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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward II, Edward III, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses

maart 13, 2015 · 5:35 am

The Wars of the Roses/The House of York/Reaction on Encyclopaedia Britannica’s changes in their article after my comments

HISTORICAL FICTION

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_(film)

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England

KING RICHARD II, [SON OF THE BLACK PRINCE, THE FIRST

SON OF KING EDWARD III AND THEREFORE SUCCESSOR

OF KING EDWARD III], WHO DECLARED ROGER MORTIMER

HIS HEIR PRESUMPTIVE.

ROGER MORTIMER WAS THE SON OF RICHARD II’S FIRST

COUSIN PHILIPPA,

THE DAUGHTER OF THE SECOND SON OF KING EDWARD III,

LIONEL OF ANTWERP

AND THEREFORE NEXT IN LINE TO THE SUCCESSION TO

THE THRONE, AS LONG AS RICHARD II WAS CHILDLESS.

ROGER MORTIMER HAD TWO CHILDREN, EDMUND, 4TH EARL OF

MARCH AND ANNE MORTIMER, WHO MARRIED RICHARD CONISBURGH,

SON OF EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF YORK [FOURTH SON

OF EDWARD III]

AFTER HIS DEATH, ROGER MORTIMER PASSED HIS HEIR

PRESUMPTIVE RIGHT TO HIS SON EDMUND, 5TH EARL

OF MARCH, WHO PASSED THIS RIGHT TO HIS NEPHEW

RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK, SON OF HIS SISTER

ANNE MORTIMER.

WHEN RICHARD II WAS USURPED BY HIS COUSIN

HENRY BOLINGBROKE [LATER KING HENRY IV, SON OF JOHN

OF GAUNT, THE THIRD SON OF KING EDWARD III AND

THEREFORE WITH A LESSER RIGHT TO THE THRONE

THAN EDMUND MORTIMER],

EDMUND, THE SON OF THE LATE ROGER MORTIMER,

BEING THE RIGHTFUL SUCCESSOR, WAS OVERLOOKED.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of_Clarence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_4th_Earl_of_March

ROGER MORTIMER’S SON AND DAUGHTER, EDMUND AND

ANNE MORTIMER

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Mortimer,_5th_Earl_of_March

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_de_Mortimer

ANNE MORTIMER’S SON, RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK,

GRANDSON [FROM HIS MOTHER’S SIDE]

OF ROGER MORTIMER

HIS CLAIM TO THE THRONE WAS BASED ON HIS

MATERNAL SIDE AND SUPERIOR TO THE LANCASTERS,

WHO DESCENDED FROM THE THIRD SON OF EDWARD III,

WHILE RICHARD DESCENDED FROM THE SECOND SON

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

KING HENRY IV, WHO USURPED THE THRONE OF RICHARD II AS

HENRY BOLINGBROKE, HIS COUSIN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England

RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE

AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES

[WAR BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK,

BOTH DESCENDANTS OF KING EDWARD III]

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

KING HENRY V, SON OF KING HENRY IV

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England

KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND, SON OF KING HENRY V

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[HISTORICAL IMAGE]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou

TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND

[FICTION]

http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/

KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF

YORK

[FICTION]

KING RICHARD III, SON OF RICHARD,

DUKE OF YORK

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England

KING HENRY VII, THE FIRST TUDOR KING

AND FOUNDER OF THE TUDOR DYNASTY

HISTORICAL IMAGE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England

THE WARS OF THE ROSES/THE HOUSE OF YORK/REACTION

ON ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA’S CHANGES IN THEIR

ARTICLE AFTER MY COMMENTS

Dear Readers,

Recently I wrote to Encyclopaedia Britannica about their

article ”The House of York”, adding some critical remarks.

Reasons?

Two.

FIRST:

Encyclopaedia Britannica called the overthrow of King Henry VI

by the son of Richard, Duke of York, the later King Edward IV,

after his victory in the Battle of Towton, an ”usurpation”.

In my letter to Encyclopaedia Britannica, I pointed out,

that although it was a deposing of King Henry VI, it was no

”usurpation”, because of the York superior claim to

the throne, by descending from maternal side from

King Edward III’s second son, Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of

Clarence, while the Lancasters descended from the third

son of King Edward III, John of Gaunt.

King Richard II appointed the grandson of Lionel

of Antwerp, Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March,

[the son of Lionel’s daughter Philippa Plantagenet,

who married Edmund Mortimer, 3th Earl of March,

as his heir presumptive

to the throne, a right which passed through his son, Edmund

Mortimer, 5th Earl of March.

Were Richard II not usurped by his cousin, Henrt Bolingbroke

[the later King Henry IV, and Richard II died childless, Edmund

Mortimer should be King of England.

And Edmund Mortimer was the maternal uncle

of Richard, Duke of York, who was the son of Edmund Mortimer’s

sister, Anne Mortimer.

Since Edmund Mortimer died childless, Richard of York inherited

his vast estates and the title of Earl of March [he became the

6th Earl of March], which he passed

to his son, the later Edward IV.

So when Edward IV overthrew Henry VI, it was a deposal, not

usurpation.

SECOND

When mentioning the Act of Accord of 1460, by which

Richard of York and Parliament agreed, that Richard of York

would succeed Henry VI after his death [and thus disinheriting

Edward of Westminster, the son of Henry VI, which infuriated

of course his mother, Margaret of Anjou], which was confirmed

by Richard’s superior claim to the throne,

Encyclopaedia Britannica made a remark about the

”weakness” in this claim by deriving from females.

I challenged that by pointing out, that four English Kings

either inherited the throne from the female line, or

claimed the crown from the female line.

REACTION OF ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA

I received an interesting and partly satisfying reaction

from Encyclopaedia Britannica with some changes

in the article

This was their reaction:

Verder lezen →

Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/The House of York/Reaction on Encyclopaedia Britannica’s changes in their article after my comments

Opgeslagen onder Divers

Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Mortimer 3th Earl of March, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edmund of Langsley, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Philippa Plantagenet, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard of Conisburgh, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The House of Lancaster, The House of York, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses

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