[17]
”The number of native Jews was soon bolstered by small groups of Ashkenazi Jews that immigrated to the Ottoman Empire between 1421 and 1453.[14] Among these new Ashkenazi immigrants was Rabbi Yitzhak Sarfati (Hebrew: צרפתי–Sarfati, meaning: “French”), a German-born Jew whose family had lived in France. He became the Chief Rabbi of Edirne and wrote a letter inviting the European Jewry to settle in the Ottoman Empire, in which he stated “Turkey is a land wherein nothing is lacking” and asked “Is it not better for you to live under Muslims than under Christians?”[17][18] Many had taken the Rabbi up on his offer, including the Jews who were expelled from the German Duchy of Bavaria by Duke Louis IX in 1470. Even before then, as the Ottomans conquered Anatolia and Greece, they encouraged Jewish immigration from the European lands from which they were expelled. The Ashkenazi Jews mixed with the already large Romaniot (Byzantine) Jewish communities that had become part of the Ottoman Empire as they had conquered lands from the Byzantine Empire”
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HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE/INFLUX OF
SEPHARDIC JEWS FROM IBERIA
ORIGINELE BRON
WIKIPEDIA
HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
[18]
”Historian Martin Gilbert writes that it was in the 19th century that the position of Jews worsened in Muslim countries.[38] According to Mark Cohen in The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies, most scholars conclude that Arab anti-Semitism in the modern world arose in the nineteenth century, against the backdrop of conflicting Jewish and Arab nationalism, and was imported into the Arab world primarily by nationalistically minded Christian Arabs (and only subsequently was it “Islamized”).[39]
There was a massacre of Jews in Baghdad in 1828.[40] There was a massacre of Jews in Barfurush in 1867.[40]
In 1865, when the equality of all subjects of the Ottoman Empire was proclaimed, Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, a high-ranking official observed, “whereas in former times, in the Ottoman State, the communities were ranked, with the Muslims first, then the Greeks, then the Armenians, then the Jews, now all of them were put on the same level. Some Greeks objected to this, saying: ‘The government has put us together with the Jews. We were content with the supremacy of Islam.'”[41]
Throughout the 1860s, the Jews of Libya were subjected to what Gilbert calls punitive taxation. In 1864, around 500 Jews were killed in Marrakech and Fezin Morocco. In 1869, 18 Jews were killed in Tunis, and an Arab mob looted Jewish homes and stores, and burned synagogues, on Jerba Island. In 1875, 20 Jews were killed by a mob in Demnat, Morocco; elsewhere in Morocco, Jews were attacked and killed in the streets in broad daylight. In 1891, the leading Muslims in Jerusalem asked the Ottoman authorities in Constantinople to prohibit the entry of Jews arriving from Russia. In 1897, synagogues were ransacked and Jews were murdered in Tripolitania”
WIKIPEDIA
HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE/ANTISEMITISM
ORIGINELE BRON
WIKIPEDIA
HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE